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Written by Gemsroot » Updated on: June 02nd, 2025
Gemstones have long symbolized wealth, power, and timeless beauty. From ancient dynasties to modern-day collectors, rare gemstones continue to mesmerize due to their stunning colors, mystic allure, and astonishing market values. In this comprehensive guide, we reveal the top 10 most expensive gemstones in the world, their origins, unique features, and what makes them the most sought-after treasures on Earth.
Price per carat: Over $2.7 million
Total price: $71.2 million (59.60 carats)
Origin: South Africa
The Pink Star Diamond, formerly known as the Steinmetz Pink, is the most expensive gemstone ever sold at auction. With an intense pink hue classified as "fancy vivid," it was mined by De Beers in 1999 and took nearly two years to cut. This diamond shattered records when it sold at Sotheby's Hong Kong in 2017.
Price per carat: Up to $3 million
Origin: Myanmar (Burma)
Unlike common jade, jadeite is much rarer and more valuable. Prized particularly in Chinese culture, top-quality jadeite exhibits a translucent emerald-green tone known as Imperial Jade. A jadeite necklace once sold for $27.4 million, reflecting its unmatched cultural and monetary value.
Price per carat: Around $3.93 million
Famous example: The Oppenheimer Blue
Origin: South Africa
Blue diamonds, tinted by trace amounts of boron, are among the rarest naturally occurring gemstones. The Oppenheimer Blue, weighing 14.62 carats, fetched $57.5 million at auction. These diamonds captivate collectors with their hypnotic, oceanic hues and historical prestige.
Price per carat: Up to $35,000
Origin: Australia, Greenland, Madagascar
Discovered in the Musgrave Ranges of Australia in 1967, musgravite is one of the rarest gemstones on Earth. Only a few dozen quality specimens exist globally. Its rarity alone contributes to its extraordinary value, making it a true collector's gem.
Price per carat: $1 million+
Famous example: The Moussaieff Red Diamond
Origin: Brazil, Australia
Red diamonds are so rare that only a handful have ever been discovered. The Moussaieff Red, at 5.11 carats, is the largest known fancy red diamond. These diamonds are pure carbon with no impurities, and their stunning, vivid red tone is believed to be caused by rare crystal lattice distortions during formation.
Price per carat: Up to $305,000 Famous
example: Rockefeller Emerald (18.04 carats)
Origin: Colombia, Zambia, Brazil
Symbolizing rebirth and eternal youth, emeralds have been revered since the time of Cleopatra. The finest emeralds originate from Colombia's Muzo mines and display a vibrant bluish-green hue with high transparency. The Rockefeller Emerald set a record in 2017 with a price of $5.5 million.
Price per carat: Up to $70,000
Origin: Russia, Sri Lanka, Brazil
Described as "emerald by day, ruby by night," alexandrite is a rare chrysoberyl variety that changes color under different lighting conditions. First discovered in Russia's Ural Mountains in the 1830s, its remarkable ability to shift from green to red makes it one of the most mysterious and expensive gemstones on the market.
Price per carat: Up to $1.18 million
Famous example: The Sunrise Ruby (25.59 carats)
Origin: Myanmar (Burma), Mozambique
A symbol of passion, power, and love, the finest rubies are from Myanmar's Mogok region. The Sunrise Ruby broke records at $30.4 million, making it the most expensive ruby ever sold. The value of a ruby is determined by its "pigeon blood" red color, clarity, and size.
Price per carat: Up to $10,000
Famous example: The Aurora Australis
Origin: Lightning Ridge, Australia
Black opals are the most valuable of all opals due to their dramatic play-of-color against a dark background. The Aurora Australis, considered the world's most valuable black opal, weighs 180 carats and is valued at over $760,000. No two opals are alike, which makes each black opal a unique natural artwork.
Price per carat: Up to $1,200 (but increasing rapidly)
Origin: Tanzania (near Mount Kilimanjaro)
Discovered only in 1967, tanzanite is a blue-violet variety of zoisite found exclusively in Tanzania. Its striking trichroic colors (blue, violet, and burgundy) and limited geographic origin make it a favorite among modern jewelers and investors. As the mine's supply dwindles, the gemstone's value continues to climb.
Paraiba Tourmaline - Glows with a neon-blue color and can reach up to $16,000 per carat.
Grandidierite - A translucent bluish-green gem so rare it's barely seen in jewelry.
Serendibite - Among the rarest minerals, it can fetch $18,000 per carat.
Blue Garnet - Changes from blue-green to purplish-red; incredibly rare and valuable.
The price of gemstones is determined by the 4 Cs: Carat, Color, Clarity, and Cut, but also by:
Rarity - Limited supply increases market value.
Historical Significance - Gemstones owned by royals or celebrities fetch higher prices.
Origin - Stones from renowned mining regions hold premium status.
Treatment - Untreated stones are more valuable than heat- or clarity-enhanced gems.
The world of high-end gemstones is filled with captivating beauty and astronomical prices. These top 10 most expensive gemstones represent the pinnacle of rarity and luxury, commanding millions from collectors and connoisseurs worldwide. Whether purchased for investment, fashion, or passion, each gemstone is a testament to Earth's natural wonders.
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