From a computing perspective
Ethereum may be a deterministic but practically unbounded state machine, consisting of a globally accessible singleton state and a virtual machine that applies changes thereto state.
From a computer practical perspective
Ethereum is an open-source, globally decentralized computing infrastructure that executes programs called smart contracts. It uses a blockchain to synchronize and store the system’s state changes, along with a cryptocurrency called ether to meter and constrain execution resource costs.
Compared to Bitcoin
Ethereum shares many common elements with other open blockchains.
A peer-to-peer network connecting participants
A Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm for synchronization of state updates( a proof-of-work blockchain).
The use of cryptographic primitives like digital signatures and hashes.
And a digital currency (Ether)
Ethereum’s purpose isn’t primarily to be a digital currency payment network.
While the digital currency ether is both integral to and necessary for the operation of Ethereum.
Ether is meant as a utility currency to buy use of the Ethereum platform because of the world computer.
Bitcoin features a very limited scripting language.
Bitcoin’s script language is, intentionally, constrained to simple true/false evaluation of paying conditions.
Ethereum is meant to be a general-purpose programmable blockchain that runs a virtual machine capable of executing code of arbitrary and unbounded complexity.
Ethereum’s language is Turing complete, meaning that Ehereum can straight forwarding function as a general-purpose computer.
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